Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold-like symptoms but can lead to severe respiratory issues, especially in young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Recently, China has experienced a notable increase in HMPV cases, particularly among children under 14, leading to concerns reminiscent of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Current Situation in China

In late December 2024, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported a significant rise in respiratory infections, with HMPV accounting for 6.2% of positive respiratory illness tests and 5.4% of hospitalizations due to respiratory illnesses. This surge has been especially pronounced in northern provinces and among children under 14.

Unverified videos circulating on social media depict overcrowded hospitals, particularly pediatric wards, in regions like Hunan province. These images have raised public concern, though Chinese authorities have emphasized that the increase aligns with typical seasonal patterns of respiratory infections during winter months.

Government Response

In response to the surge, Chinese health officials have initiated a pilot program to monitor cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. This initiative aims to establish a dedicated system to identify and manage emerging respiratory pathogens more effectively.

International Perspective

Neighboring countries, including India and Malaysia, are closely monitoring the situation. India’s Directorate General of Health Services has advised the public not to panic, noting that HMPV is similar to other respiratory viruses causing common cold symptoms. Malaysia has reported an increase in HMPV cases, with 327 cases in 2024 compared to 225 in 2023, prompting health authorities to urge heightened public awareness and adherence to preventive measures.

Preventive Measures

Health experts recommend the following precautions to reduce the risk of HMPV infection:

• Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands with soap and water.
• Respiratory Etiquette: Cover the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing.
• Mask Usage: Wear masks in crowded or high-risk areas.
• Avoid Close Contact: Stay away from individuals exhibiting symptoms of respiratory illness.

While there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV, supportive care can alleviate symptoms. Individuals experiencing severe symptoms, especially those in high-risk groups, should seek medical attention promptly.

Also Read, First case of HMPV reported in an 8-month-old baby in Bengaluru, India.